Monday, March 29, 2010
Visit kandy, stay at Amaya hills
State Party Sri Lanka
Type Cultural Criteria iv, vi Reference 450 Region** Asia-Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription 1988 (10th Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. ** Region as classified by UNESCO.
Palace of the Tooth relic.
World Heritage Site
Sacred City of Kandy*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Ethnicity in Kandy(2007)
Population Percent
Sinhalese 70.48%
Sri Lankan Moors 13.93% Sri Lankan Tamils 8.57%
Indian Tamils 4.77% Others 2.26%
Ethnicity Population % Of Total Sinhala 77,560 70.48
Sri Lankan Moors 15,326 13.93 Sri Lankan Tamils 9,427 8.57
Indian Tamils 5,245 4.77 Other (including Burgher, Malay) 2,489 2.26 Total 110,049 100
Roads
A1 highway (Kandy road) connects Colombo with Kandy. A9 highway connects Jaffna with Kandy. A26 highway connects Padiyathalawa with Kandy via Mahiyangana. A10 highway connects Kurunegala with Kandy via Katugastota.
Rail
Matale Line of the Sri Lanka Railways connects Kandy by way of Pradeniya and Matale. It connects to the Main Line that links Colombo and Badulla
The name
View of the lake from Rajapihilla Mawatha, on the right the golden roof of the Temple of the Tooth, top left a Toque Macaque The name Kandy is derived from the Sinhalese kaⁿda uḍa pas raṭa. The Portuguese shortened this to "Candea", using the name for both the kingdom and its capital Senkadagalapura. In Sinhala, Kandy is called Maha Nuvara (pronounced [maha nuʋərə]), meaning "Great City" or "Capital", although this is most often shortened to Nuvara.
Historical records suggest that Kandy was first established by the King Wickramabahu (1357–1374 CE) near the Watapuluwa area, north of the present city, and named Senkadagalapura at the time, although some scholars suggest the name Katubulu Nuwara may also have been used. The origin of the more popular name for the city, Senkadagala, could have been from a number of sources. These include naming after a brahmin named Senkanda who lived in a cave near the city, after a queen of King Wickramabahu named Senkanda or after a colored stone named Senkadagala.
Kingdom of Kandy
The Royal Palace of Kandy In 1592 Kandy became the capital city of the last remaining independent kingdom in the island after the coastal regions had been conquered by the Portuguese. Several invasions by the Portuguese and the Dutch (16th, 17th and 18th century) and later by the British (most notably in 1803) were repelled.
The kingdom tolerated a Dutch presence on the coast of Sri Lanka, although attacks were occasionally launched. The most ambitious offensive was undertaken in 1761, when King Kirti Sri Rajasinha attacked and overran most of the coast, leaving only the heavily fortified Negombo intact. When a Dutch retaliatory force returned to the island in 1763, Kirti Sri Rajasinha abandoned the coastline and withdrew into the interior. When the Dutch continued to the jungles the next year, they were constantly harassed by disease, heat, lack of provisions, and Kandyan sharpshooters, who hid in the jungle and inflicted heavy losses on the Dutch. The Dutch launched a better adapted force in January of 1765, replacing their troops' bayonets with machetes and using more practical uniforms and tactics suited to jungle warfare. The Dutch were initially successful in capturing the capital, which was deserted, and the Kandyans withdrew to the jungles once more, refusing to engage in open battle. However, the Dutch were again worn down by constant attrition. A peace treaty was signed in 1766. The Dutch remained in control of the coastal areas until 1796, when Great Britain took them over (while the Netherlands under French control) as part of the Napoleonic wars. British possession of these areas was formalized with the treaty of Amiens in 1802. The next year the British also invaded Kandy in what became known as the First Kandyan War, but were repulsed.
The last ruling dynasty of Kandy were the Nayaks. Kandy stayed independent until the early 19th century. In the Second Kandyan War, the British launched an invasion that met no resistance and reached the city on February 10, 1815. On March 2, 1815, a treaty known as the Kandyan Convention was signed between the British and the Radalas (Kandyan aristocrats). With this treaty, Kandy recognized the King of England as its King and became a British protectorate. The last king of the kingdom Sri Vikrama Rajasinha was captured and taken as a royal prisoner by the British to Vellore Fort in southern India along with all claimants to the throne.
The old High Court of KandyAs the capital, Kandy had become home to the relic of the tooth of the Buddha which symbolizes a 4th-century tradition that used to be linked to the Sinhalese monarchy, since the protector of the relic was the ruler of the land. Thus the Royal Palace and the Temple of the Tooth were placed in close proximity to each other.
World War II
In 1944, during World War II, the South East Asia Command of the allies was moved to Kandy, where it remained till the end of the war.
Modern Kandy
Today Kandy remains an important religious center of the Sinhalese and a place of pilgrimage for Buddhists, namely those belonging to the Theravada school. It is the second largest city of the island.
Governance
The Kandy Municipal Council governs the City of Kandy, it was established under the Municipalities Ordinance of 1865. The inaugural meeting had been held on 20 March 1866. The Kandy Town Hall was established in the present premises known as the Dunuwille Walawwe in 1870.[1]
The Government Agent of the Central Province had presided over the council until 1939 when the Mayor was elected. The first elected mayor was Sir Cuda Ratwatte. With further amendments to the ordinance in 1978 the Mayor became the Executive Head whilst the Commissioner was the Administrative head.
Presently the Council consists of 24 members. The Governing Party, United National Party has 14 and the opposition 10. The Council meets once a month to review the progress and decide on the implementation of its projects. Five standing committees of the Council, namely Finance, Law, Works, Sports and Welfare Services (Pre-Schools, Library), also meet monthly to evaluate and recommend to Council relative matters for approval.
Queens Hotel in Kandy The city of Kandy lies at an elevation of 465 metres (1,526 ft) above sea level. Its plan developed around two open spaces: an elongated square, at the end of which are the administration buildings of the old capital, and an –artificial lake that is quadrangular in form. A public garden adds to the openness of the city's spatial organization.
On the north shore of the lake, which is enclosed by a parapet of white stone dating to the beginning of the 19th century, are the city's official religious monuments, including the Royal Palace and the Temple of the Tooth, known as the Dalada Maligawa (daḷadā māligāva). Reconstructed in the 18th century, the Dalanda Maligawa is built on a base of granite that was inspired by the temples of Sri Lanka's former capital city, Anuradhapura. An array of materials (limestone, marble, sculpted wood, ivory, etc.) contribute to the richness of this temple. Throughout this small holy city, a number of recent Buddhist monasteries can be found.
Kandy has now grown out to encompass Peradeniya, home to the University of Peradeniya and the Botanical Gardens, Katugastota to the north, and east to Kundasale, Tennekumbura and Gurudeniya.
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Kandy World Heritage Site maker The monumental ensemble of Kandy is an example of construction that associates the Royal Palace and the
The Temple of the Tooth (Palace of the tooth relic) is the place that houses the Relic of the tooth of the Buddha. Originally part of the Royal Palace complex of the Kandyan Kingdom, it is one of the holiest places of worship and pilgrimage for Buddhist around the world. It was last of a series of temples built in the places where the relic, the actual palladium of the Sinhalese monarchy, was brought following the various relocations of the capital city.
The Palace of the Tooth relic, the palace complex and the holy city of Kandy are associated with the history of the dissemination of Buddhism. The temple is the product of the last peregrination of the relic of the tooth of Buddha and the testimony of a religion which continues to be practiced today.
Royal Palace
The Royal Palace of Kandy is the last Royal Palace built in the island. Although only part of the original palace complex remain. The Temple of the Tooth was part of this comples, due to the ancient tradition that stated that the monarch is the protector of the relic though which the ruler of the land. It today houses the National Museum Kandy which holds an extensive collection of artifacts from both the Kandy Kingdom and the British colonial rule.
Lankatilaka Temple
Temple of the ToothThe Lankatilaka Temple is considered to be one of the best preserved examples of traditional Sinhalese temple architecture. Built on a rock, the temple is reached by a long series of rock cut steps. An arched passage of the image house leads through a Mandapa (hall) into the inner sanctum which is richly decorated with beautiful floral designs. The two side walls and the ceiling are decorated with paintings. In the inner sanctum is a colossal seated image of the Buddha.
Gadaladeniya Temple
The Gadaladeniya Temple's design is of South Indian origin with a Devale attached to it, similar in character to the Natha Devale and the Gedige of Adahana Maluwa. The main shrine room has a seated Buddha statue and the remains of some paintings of the Gampola period.
Festivals
Elephants at the Esala PeraheraKandy is very popular due to the annual pageant known as the Esala Perahera (ˈɶsələ ˌperəˌhɶrə) in which one of the inner caskets used for covering the tooth relic of Buddha is taken in a grand procession through the streets of the city. This casket is taken on a royal tusker. The procession includes traditional dancers and drummers, flag bearers of the provinces of the old Kandyan kingdom, the Nilames (lay custodians of temples ) wearing their traditional dresses, torch bearers and also the grandly attired elephant. This ceremony which is annually held in the months of July or August, attracts large crowds from all parts of the country and also many foreign tourists.
Culinary
Kandy has a modest range of restaurants, as well as an abundance of confectioneries. A range of cuisines is available, including Chinese, European, Sri Lankan, Indian and some multinational fast food outlets.
Parks and gardens
Peradeniya Botanical garden The Royal Botanical Garden, Peradeniya is situated about 5 km to the west of the city centre at Peradeniya and is visited by 1.2 million people per year. It is the largest botanical garden on the island.
The Udawatta Kele (Udawatta Forest) is a protected sanctuary situated in the heart of the city, just north of Temple of the Tooth. Known as "Uda Wasala Watta" in Sinhalese meaning, "the garden situated above the royal palace" it was designated as a forest reserve in 1856, and it became a sanctuary in 1938.
The Royal Palace Park, known as Wales Park is a small park that overlooks Kandy Lake and most of the city. In the park is a Japanese field gun which was captured by the British 14th Army in Burma during World War II and presented to the city of Kandy by Lord Mountbatten, Supreme Allied Commander South East Asia Theatre.
Demographics
Kandy is a Sinhala majority city; there are sizeable communities belonging to other ethnic groups, such as Moors and Tamils.
Education
Main article: List of schools in Sri Lanka
Kandy is home to some of the island's oldest boy schools; including Kingswood College, Dharmaraja College, St Anthony's College, St. Sylvester's College and Trinity College, Kandy.
Several girl schools such as Mahamaya Girls' College, Girls' High School, St. Anthony's Girls' College & Hillwood College and several mixed schools such as Azhar College, Akurana, Madawala Madeena College, Madawala are also located in Kandy.
The county's second oldest university, University of Peradeniya is at Peradeniya, a suburb of Kandy. The Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology has a center in the city, which is rather insignificant. Most of the private sector higher educational institutions also have their branches in Kandy.
Economy
An old Street of KandyKandy is second only to Colombo the center of the Sri Lankan Eeconomy. Many major coorperations have large branch officers in Kandy and many industries include textiles, furniture, Information Technology and jewellery are found here. Many agriculture research centers are located throughout the city.
Transport
Street of KandyKandy has a public transport system based primarily on buses. The bus service is operated both by private companies and the government's own Sri Lanka Transport Board (SLTB).
Sport
Volleyball is the National Sport of Sri Lanka but this is not especially prevalent in Kandy, as Cricket is often shown to be the most popular sport.
The Sri Lanka cricket team plays international Test matches at the Asgiriya International Stadium.A state of the art new cricket stadium is being built near the city of Kandy in Pallekele to host 2011 ICC cricket world cup.
The Singer Sri Lankan Airlines Rugby 7's tournament is an annual international sporting event held at the local Bogambara Stadium.
Rugby union is a huge sport in Kandy. Kandy Sports Club, the local rugby union club, has reigned undefeated for almost a decade, and it is often cited that this is due to the fondness and support the local schools treat the sport with. Although the Sri Lankan National Cricket captain and his deputy are from Kandy, Kandy is still considered as a Rugby mad city.
Visit dambulla, Stay at Kandalama Hotel
Tuesday, March 2, 2010
We ride from the hotel after a filling breakfast with lots of fruit. We travel beside Kandalama tank, a large reservoir. Irrigation is important as this is Sri Lanka's main vegetable growing area. We pass lots of vegetable smallholdings. Sampath points out the platforms built up in the trees. People sleep there at night to guard their crops against foraging elephants. Locals don’t venture into the woods at night as wild elephants can be quite aggressive.
After about 30km we reach Sigiriya, a "fortress" built on a volcanic plug of rock. Experts now think that it was in fact a big temple complex with evidence of habitation going back 6000 yrs. Whatever it was, it is still spectacular and we spend 2hr there, climbing 300m to the top by narrow metal walkways in blistering heat.
We then have a buffet lunch in a local restaurant enjoying things like betel gourd salad and boiled okra as well as more usual fare Janice crosses a stream.
The afternoon ride takes us on good tracks beside irrigation canals and Sampath points out kingfishers, a turtle and a monitor lizard. When he stops to show us a tamarind tree. Janice struggles to disengage her cleat from her pedal and falls over. Happily no major damage and we finish the afternoon’s 30km ride by about 3pm in time for a soak and a swim. Beer in Sri Lanka is served in big 500ml bottles. The three of us get into the habit of ordering two bottles and three glasses when we arrive at hotels at the end of the day.
We had planned to break out of the Europeanised hotel restaurant scene tonight and try and find a local eaterie. Sampath was horrified. He painted a dire picture of the town being frequented by truck drivers and that the food was often reheated several times and would not be good for us. It was clearly a big concern to him so we stayed at the hotel and had a very pleasant evening. As Tom puts in in the Australian way: "you don't want to get crook."
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